How does calcium carbonate cause alkalosis?
When high calcium levels activate the CaSRs in the thick ascending loop of Henle, sodium chloride reabsorption at this site is inhibited, causing diuresis and increasing renal calcium excretion (i.e., a loop diuretic-like effect). This effect also contributes to volume depletion and metabolic alkalosis (10).
How does milk-alkali syndrome cause hypercalcemia?
Milk-alkali syndrome is caused by the ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, with resulting hypercalcemia. If unrecognized and untreated, milk-alkali syndrome can lead to metastatic calcification and renal failure.
What is the milk-alkali syndrome?
The milk-alkali syndrome consists of the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury associated with the ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali.
Why does milk-alkali cause alkalosis?
In general, milk-alkali syndrome starts with excess calcium levels in the body (hypercalcemia), which causes the body’s pH to increase (become more alkaline) resulting in metabolic alkalosis and ultimately contributes to a decrease in renal function.
What is calcium alkali syndrome?
Milk-alkali syndrome is a condition in which there is a high level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia). This causes a shift in the body’s acid/base balance toward alkaline (metabolic alkalosis). As a result, there can be a loss of kidney function.
What is calcium carbonate used for?
Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, and heart. Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach.
Can drinking too much milk cause milk-alkali syndrome?
Causes of milk-alkali syndrome Milk-alkali syndrome was once a common side effect of consuming large amounts of milk or dairy products, along with antacids containing alkaline powders. Today, this condition is usually caused by consuming too much calcium carbonate.
How do you get milk-alkali syndrome?
Milk-alkali syndrome is almost always caused by taking too many calcium supplements, usually in the form of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is a common calcium supplement. It is often taken to prevent or treat bone loss (osteoporosis). Calcium carbonate is also an ingredient found in antacids (such as Tums).
Is milk bad for your kidneys?
Dairy products contain high amounts of phosphorus, potassium, and protein and should be limited on a renal diet. Despite milk’s high calcium content, its phosphorus content may weaken bones in those with kidney disease.
How do you prevent milk-alkali?
To avoid developing milk-alkali syndrome:
- Limit or eliminate your use of antacids that contain calcium carbonate.
- Ask your doctor about antacid alternatives.
- Limit doses of supplemental calcium containing other alkali substances.
- Report continual digestive problems to your doctor.
Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances called ketone bodies (which are acidic) build up during uncontrolled diabetes. Hyperchloremic acidosis is caused by the loss of too much sodium bicarbonate from the body, which can happen with severe diarrhea.
What are the side effects of too much calcium carbonate?
Calcium carbonate may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- upset stomach.
- vomiting.
- stomach pain.
- belching.
- constipation.
- dry mouth.
- increased urination.
- loss of appetite.