What is Castellvi type 2a?
Castellvi et al described 4 specific types of LSTV: type I: unilateral (Ia) or bilateral (Ib) malformed transverse processes measuring at least 19 mm in width; type II: incomplete unilateral (IIa) or bilateral (IIb) lumbarization/sacralization with enlarged transverse process(es) that has(ve) diarthrodial joint(s) …
What is the difference between lumbarization and Sacralization?
Lumbarization and sacralization The lumbar spine subsequently appears to have six vertebrae or segments, not five. This sixth lumbar vertebra is known as a transitional vertebra. Conversely the sacrum appears to have only four segments instead of its designated five segments.
What is S1 lumbarization?
Sometimes, the top of the sacrum, that is, S1 (first sacral vertebrae) can be separate from the rest of the sacrum and can appear to be a part of the lumbar spine. This is known as lumbarization of the spine and here we will discuss this in a little more detail.
What is LSTV spine?
Introduction. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are congenital spinal anomalies, in which an elongated transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra fuses with varying degree to the “first” sacral segment.
Which view is ideal for visualizing a spondylolisthesis?
Bilateral pars defects must be present to visualize this in a lateral projection. Grade 1 spondylolisthesis is associated. Bilateral oblique views are especially useful in visualizing the pars interarticularis defect, which has the appearance of a Scottie dog with a collar. An elongated pars also may be seen.
What is transitional syndrome?
Bertolotti syndrome occurs when the last lumbar vertebra—the lumbosacral transitional vertebra, or LSTV—and the sacrum either fuse or create a false joint thanks to an enlarged transverse process (bony bumps on the vertebrae where muscles and ligaments attach) on the LSTV.