What is conditioned place preference?
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences. By measuring the amount of time an animal spends in an area that has been associated with a stimulus, researchers can infer the animal’s liking for the stimulus.
What is place conditioning in psychology?
Place conditioning is a simple procedure used to assess the positive (rewarding) or negative (aversive) motivational effects of exposure to various stimuli, including drugs of abuse, food, sexual behavior, novel environments, or foot shock.36.
What is CPP score?
Change in place preference (CPP Change Score) is calculated by subtracting the percentage of time spent in the drug-paired environment before conditioning from the percentage of time in the drug-paired environment after conditioning, and expressed as a percentage.
How are CPP scores calculated?
The CPP calculation is a percent change score: ((A2−A1)/A1)*100, where (A2) represents percent time spent on the most preferred side during the final preference test and (A1) represents the percent time spent on this same side during the initial preference test.
What is place preference in psychology?
Abstract. Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a learned behavior shown in many vertebrates, including humans. CPP occurs when a subject comes to prefer one place more than others because the preferred location has been paired previously with rewarding events.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus. The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment.
How has classical conditioning contributed to psychology?
John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlov’s observations) was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. Everything from speech to emotional responses was simply patterns of stimulus and response.
What is conditioned tolerance?
Tolerance refers to the diminishment or the loss of a drug effect over the course of repeated administrations. Some researchers have postulated that an important factor in the development of tolerance is Pavlovian conditioning of drug-compensatory responses.
What is conditioned place aversion?
Abstract. This protocol describes the equipment and methods used to establish conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA). Place conditioning is a form of Pavlovian conditioning routinely used to measure the rewarding or aversive motivational effects of objects or experiences (e.g., abused drugs).
How is CPP calculated in advertising?
The CPP is calculated by taking the total amount spent on a specific television station and dividing it by the total number of gross rating points (GRPs). GRPs, pronounced “grips”, are a standard measure in advertising denoting the advertising impact.
What is conditioned place avoidance?
Conditioned Place Preference or Aversion In a Conditioned Place Preference task, the animal learns an association between an enviroment with distinctive cues and a positive reinforcer. It is often used as an animal model of the subjective effects of drugs.
What is unconditioned stimulus example?
The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. 4 For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus.
How is the conditioned place preference paradigm used?
The conditioned place preference paradigm is a standard preclinical behavioral model used to study the rewarding and aversive effects of drugs. Although a number of different designs and apparatuses are used in this model, the basic characteristics of this task involve the association of a particula … Conditioned Place Preference Review
What causes the reinstatement of conditioned place preference?
Administration of morphine, heroin and cocaine induce reinstatement or morphine induced CPP. In the conditioned place preference paradigm, stress has been shown to reinstate conditioned place preferences in rats after the preference had been extinguished.
How are drugs used to establish conditioned place preference?
One is by introducing the animal (generally rats or mice are used) to stress. The other is by giving them a small dose of the unconditioned stimulus. In the case of CPP, when drugs are used to establish conditioned place preference, this is called drug priming.
How is the unbiased method different from the conditioned place method?
This method allows the animal to choose the compartment they get the drug and vehicle in. In comparison, the unbiased method does not allow the animal to choose what compartment they get the drug and vehicle in and instead the researcher chooses the compartments.