What is Paraprotein band?
A paraprotein is a monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones protein) present in the blood or urine and arising from clonal proliferation of mature B‐cells, most commonly plasma cells or B‐lymphocytes. Alternative terms include monoclonal protein or M‐band.
What does high beta globulin mean?
High levels may indicate infection, inflammatory disease or immune disorders. High globulin levels may also indicate certain types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease, or malignant lymphoma.
Is an SPE band that increased in pregnancy?
An increased β1 band is observed in iron deficiency anemia due to an increased level of free transferrin. This band may also be elevated in pregnant women.
What causes high beta globulin?
Elevated beta-globulin levels may be indicative of chronic liver or kidney disease, or chronic inflammatory diseases such as aspergillosis or avian chlamydiosis. The most common reason for elevated beta globulins in birds, which is attributable to the transferrin component, is egg production.
What causes paraprotein?
Paraproteins are monoclonal immune globulin fragments or intact immune globulins produced by usually a malignant cone of plasma cells or B cells. These proteins are associated with a spectrum of kidney disorders caused by either direct effects on the kidney cells or deposition in various kidney cells.
What is a high paraprotein level?
This means you don’t have symptoms or any tissue or organ damage. But you have one or more of these: paraprotein in your blood that is more than 30 g/L. level of abnormal plasma cells in your bone marrow that is between 10% and 60%
Is 3.8 globulin normal?
The normal range of globulin is around 2.0-3.9 g/dL or 20-39 g/L. Some lab-to-lab variability occurs due to differences in equipment, techniques, and chemicals used. Globulin in the normal range usually implies a normal balance of carrier proteins, enzymes, and antibodies that are needed for many biological processes.
What is considered a high beta 2 microglobulin?
In multiple myeloma, beta-2-M is a powerful prognostic factor and values <4 mcg/mL are considered a good prognostic factor. In renal tubular disease, serum levels are low and urine levels are high. Although urine beta-2-M has been used to assess tubular dysfunction, it is not stable in urine below pH 5.5.
What is normal beta globulin?
Beta globulin: 0.7 to 1.2 g/dL or 7 to 12 g/L. Gamma globulin: 0.7 to 1.6 g/dL or 7 to 16 g/L.
What is a high level of paraprotein?
What is a high level of paraprotein? People without myeloma don’t have paraproteins. Any level of paraprotein that is found in the blood or urine is therefore considered to be abnormal.
What does paraprotein stand for in medical terms?
A paraprotein is an abnormal immunoglobulin fragment detected in the blood or urine that is usually indicative of an underlying malignant disease, such as multiple myeloma. It is often the only by-product of a tumor cell.
How are paraproteins detected in blood and urine?
To determine the meaning of the paraprotein detected, a process called protein electrophoresis is performed. The immunoglobulin fragments will show as varying narrow bands on the test strip, enabling the laboratory to decide what type of paraprotein is present in the blood or urine.
What causes a band in serum protein electrophoresis?
Monoclonal gammopathy is the name given to a “band” in serum protein electrophoresis, caused by the overproduction of a population of plasma cells, which in turn produce a single immunoglobulin (the so-called “plasma cell dyscrasias”).
Can a paraprotein be a sign of cancer?
A paraprotein is an abnormal immunoglobulin fragment found in blood or urine that is usually a sign of cancer. If a person has…