What is the mechanism of action of ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections. It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.
What is the mechanism of action of antifungal drugs?
The most common mode of action for antifungal drugs is the disruption of the cell membrane. Antifungals take advantage of small differences between fungi and humans in the biochemical pathways that synthesize sterols.
What is the mechanism of action of griseofulvin?
Griseofulvin is fungistatic, however the exact mechanism by which it inhibits the growth of dermatophytes is not clear. It is thought to inhibit fungal cell mitosis and nuclear acid synthesis. It also binds to and interferes with the function of spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules by binding to alpha and beta tubulin.
What is the mode of action of fungi?
Fungal cell membranes have a unique sterol, ergosterol, which replaces cholesterol found in mammalian cell membranes. An antifungal agent is a drug that selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host.
What are the four main categories of antifungal agents?
The four main classes of antifungal drugs are the polyenes, azoles, allylamines and echinocandins.
Which antibiotic is used in fungal infection?
In topical forms, clotrimazole is approved to treat tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, cutaneous candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. Indications for the use of oral clotrimazole is the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Itraconazole is an oral drug.
What is the mechanism of action of imidazole derivatives?
The imidazole derivatives inhibit the transformation of blastospores of Candida albicans into the invasive mycelial form. This inhibition probably facilitates the task of host defense cells and may be the principal factor leading to clearance of infection. Animals Antifungal Agents / pharmacology*
What happens when imidazole is fused with a benzene ring?
Imidazoles fused by five-membered heteroaromatic rings, such as compounds 158 and 159, also showed very weak effects, while the 5-5 bicyclic derivatives condensed with a benzene ring (160–163), even if having H-bond donor capacity (e.g. 163), proved to be inactive in the investigated concentration range (max. 625μM).
What kind of applications can imidazole be used for?
Imidazole itself has few direct applications. It is instead a precursor to a variety of agrichemicals, including enilconazole, climbazole, clotrimazole, prochloraz, and bifonazole.
What’s the difference between triazoles and imidazoles?
For comparison, another group of azoles is the triazoles, which includes fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. The difference between the imidazoles and the triazoles involves the mechanism of inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme.