How does cortisol act on target cells?
In the cytoplasm of a target cell, cortisol binds to a specific receptor. The cortisol-receptor complex then enters the nucleus of the cell. While small amounts of cortisol and other steroid hormones are excreted in the urine, the majority of these hormones are inactivated in the liver or other tissues.
What does cortisol do to cells?
Because most bodily cells have cortisol receptors, it affects many different functions in the body. Cortisol can help control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation. It has a controlling effect on salt and water balance and helps control blood pressure.
What does TRH target?
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypothalamic tripeptide synthesised by, stored within and released from the hypothalamus. It stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
Does cortisol target the kidneys?
In the kidney, cortisol increases glomerular filtration rate by increasing glomerular blood flow and increases phosphate excretion by decreasing its reabsorption in the proximal tubules. In excess, cortisol has aldosterone-like effects in the kidney causing salt and water retention.
Does cortisol cause anxiety?
Cortisol levels remain elevated, creating additional anxiety, and ultimately causing a multitude of serious health issues, including digestive disorders, immune deficiencies, heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
What hormones target the kidneys?
| Endocrine gland/ source of hormone | Hormone | Target organ or tissue |
|---|---|---|
| Adrenal medulla | Adrenaline Noradrenaline | All tissues |
| Adrenal cortex | Cortisol Corticosterone | All tissues |
| Aldosterone | Primarily kidneys | |
| Kidneys | Renin (converted to Angiotensin-II) | Blood vessel smooth muscle Adrenal cortex |
Does low cortisol cause weight gain?
While high cortisol levels may seem more common, it’s important to be aware of the effects of low cortisol as well. Chronically elevated cortisol levels may promote overeating and weight gain, whereas low cortisol levels may lead to weight loss in some instances.